Measures and References: Metacognition

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Measures

Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.

Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002): Survey measuring awareness and perceived use of reading strategies. Students rank how often they use global reading strategies (e.g., "I think about what I know to help me understand what I read"), problem solving strategies (e.g., "I try to get back on track when I lose concentration"), and support strategies (e.g., "I underline or circle information in the text to help me remember it").

References

Beers, S. F., Quinlan, T., & Harbaugh, A. G. (2010). Adolescent students' reading during writing behaviors and relationships with text quality: An eyetracking study. Reading and Writing, 23(7), 743-775.

Borgna, G., Convertino, C., Marschark, M., Morrison, C., & Rizzolo, K. (2011). Enhancing deaf students' learning from sign language and text: Metacognition, modality, and the effectiveness of content scaffolding. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 16(1), 79-100.

Edossa, A. K., Neuenhaus, N., Artelt, C., Lingel, K., & Schneider, W. (2019). Developmental relationship between declarative metacognitive knowledge and reading comprehension during secondary school. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 34, 397-416.

Kolić-Vehovec, S., Zubković, B. R., & Pahljina-Reinić, R. (2014). Development of metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies and attitudes toward reading in early adolescence: The effect on reading comprehension. Psychological Topics, 23(1), 77-98.

Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). BRIEF: Behavior rating inventory of executive function. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Harris, K. R., Graham, S., Brindle, M., & Sandmel, K. (2009). Metacognition and children's writing. In D.J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A.C. Graesser (Eds.). Handbook of metacognition in education (pp. 131-153).

Jones, S. (2014). From ideas in the head to words on the page: young adolescents' reflections on their own writing processes. Language and Education, 28(1), 52-67.

Kendeou, P., Broek, P., Helder, A., & Karlsson, J. (2014). A cognitive view of reading comprehension: Implications for reading difficulties. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 29(1), 10-16.

Kolić-Vehovec, S., Zubković, B. R., & Pahljina-Reinić, R. (2014). Development of metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies and attitudes toward reading in early adolescence: The effect on reading comprehension. Psychological Topics, 23(1), 77-98.

Mokhtari, K., & Reichard, C. A. (2002). Assessing students' metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(2), 249-259.

Nelson, T. O., & Narens, L. (1990). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and new findings. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (pp. 125-173). New York, NY: Academic Press.

Nelson, T. O., & Narens, L. (1994). Why investigate metacognition?. In J. Metcalfe & A. P. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition: Knowing about knowing (pp. 1-25). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Nippold, M. A., Vigeland, L. M., & Frantz-Kaspar, M. W. (2017). Metacognitive verb production in adolescents: The link to complex syntax. Clinical linguistics & phonetics, 31(10), 761-776.

Peverly, S. T., Brobst, K. E., & Morris, K. S. (2002). The contribution of reading comprehension ability and meta-cognitive control to the development of studying in adolescence. Journal of Research in Reading, 25(2), 203-216.

Pons, F., Harris, P. L., & de Rosnay, M. (2004). Emotion comprehension between 3 and 11 years: Developmental periods and hierarchical organization. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1(2), 127-152.

Shaenfield, D. (2010). Arguing with Peers: Examining two kinds of discourse and their cognitive benefits. Learning in the Disciplines: ICLS 2010 Conference Proceedings - 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, 1, 254-260.

Weil, L. G., Fleming, S. M., Dumontheil, I., Kilford, E. J., Weil, R. S., Rees, G., … Blakemore, S. (2013). The development of metacognitive ability in adolescence. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(1), 264-271.