Return to References: Vision factor page.
Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.
Vision Screening: (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2014): Assesses visual acuity using an eye chart, where the student identifies letters with both eyes and each eye individually at varying distances
Extensive Vision Evaluations: (American Optometric Association, 2019): Thoroughly test all aspects of Vision, including tests of visual field, binocular vision, convergence, and accommodation
American Optometric Association. (2019). Limitations of Vision Screening Programs. Retrieved from: https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/caring-for-your-vision/comprehensive-eye-and-vision-examination/limitations-of-vision-screening-programs?sso=y
Basch, C. E. (2011). Vision and the achievement gap among urban minority youth. Journal of School Health, 81(10), 599-605.
Bullier, J. (2001). Integrated model of visual processing. Brain Research Reviews, 36(2-3), 96-107.
Cochrane, G., Lamoureux, E., & Keeffe, J. (2008). Defining the content for a new quality of life questionnaire for students with low vision (the Impact of Vision Impairment on Children: IVI_C). Ophthalmic epidemiology, 15(2), 114-120.
Crocker, A. D., & Orr, R. R. (1996). Social behaviors of children with visual impairments enrolled in preschool programs. Exceptional Children, 62(5), 451-462.
Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18(1), 193-222.
Glewwe, P., Park, A., & Zhao, M. (2016). A better vision for development: Eyeglasses and academic performance in rural primary schools in China. Journal of Development Economics, 122, 170-182.
Goodwin, D. L., Lieberman, L. J., Johnston, K., & Leo, J. (2011). Connecting through summer camp: Youth with visual impairments find a sense of community. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 28(1), 40-55.
Gudgel, D. (2014). Eye Screening for children. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Retrieved from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/children-eye-screening
Lieberman, L. J., & McHugh, E. (2001). Health-related fitness of children who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95(5), 272-287.
Rosner, J., & Rosner, J. (1987). Comparison of visual characteristics in children with and without learning difficulties. Optometry & Vision Science, 64(7), 531-533.
Ungar, S., Blades, M., & Spencer, C. (1996). The construction of cognitive maps by children with visual impairments. In The Construction of Cognitive Maps (pp. 247-273). Springer, Dordrecht.
Verweyen, P. (2004). Measuring vision in children. Community Eye Health, 17(50), 27-29.