Debate
Overview
When preparing for and executing a debate, learners analyze, form, and express verbal arguments, fostering their critical thinking skills, an essential component of Problem Solving. When learners present their arguments and claims in these engaging formats, they practice their Oral Communication Skills and strengthen their vocabulary through authentic speaking which is especially important for English language learners. In preparation for a debate learners gain experience with the research process. Through this process, learners practice critically analyzing multiple perspectives which can bolster Argumentative Reasoning and increase Background Knowledge. This strategy can be especially effective in increasing Motivation in adult learners as it incorporates relevant real-world application and enhances learner autonomy. Research has shown debate to enhance Disciplinary Literacy in career training by increasing absorption of content through practical application.
Use It In Your Learning Environment
When using debate, instructors should ensure adequate preparation and planning time to allow learners to fully immerse in the research process. This includes establishing debate procedures such as norms and etiquette. Instructors can incorporate various debate formats, including the fishbowl technique, to have learners practice developing claims and counterclaims. These debate activities can still include the key components of a debate but with varying levels of competition and social engagement. In terms of evaluation, providing checklists or rubrics reinforce what a good argument looks like and can help guide learner behavior when preparing.
Technology can support debate for learners in various online settings. Online platforms can incorporate typical debate components, such as presenting claims and offering rebuttals, into message boards that allow for interaction between learners. Developers can use debate simulations to encourage students to practice these skills individually, which can be particularly effective for those who struggle to speak up in groups. Programs should also include collaborative features like marking the relevance of the argument or asking for clarification, so learners can learn to improve their arguments through evaluation.
Additional Resources
Additional examples, research, and professional development. These resources are possible representations of this strategy, not endorsements.
Factors Supported by this Strategy
More Active Learning Strategies
Experts can answer questions and provide vocabulary, processes, feedback, and scaffolds to help learners deepen their understanding.
Case studies support authentic, active learning experiences centered around real world situations that present an account of a particular set of circumstances for learners to engage with.
When learners process and express information visually, they are activating more cognitive processes while Problem Solving.
Debriefing is the intentional discussion immediately following a learning experience which is especially important after simulation-based learning.
Analyzing errors is especially beneficial in helping learners develop a Learner Mindset and critical thinking skills, which are a component of Problem Solving.
Networking and supporting adult learners in expanding their social networks provide access to additional resources and Social Supports, which can impact their trajectory and Motivation.
Experiential learning is learning by doing, which may include self-directed learning activities.
Giving learners the opportunity to explain their thinking process aloud helps them to solidify their comprehension, and move knowledge into their Long-term Memory.
Game-based learning is an active learning experience with clear objectives and measurable outcomes designed to be intrinsically game-like.
Inquiry-based learning is centered around open-ended questions posed by instructors and/or the learners themselves and fosters a Learner Mindset.
For adults, the Composition process can become more robust when learners can express ideas through multiple media, which includes visual, audio, and digital production.
Effective note-taking during lectures or reading directs learners' Attention to the relevant information, helping them identify key concepts, understand links between ideas and retain information better in their Long-term Memory.
The opportunity to observe peers or experts in action or participate in shadowing can provide a unique and authentic learning experience that often involves questioning, metacognitive thinking, and Problem Solving while providing Social Supports.
When learners provide constructive feedback on each other's work, they reflect on their own understanding, learn to give relevant suggestions, receive specific ways to improve, and engage in Metacognition.
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a learner-centered multidisciplinary approach focused on real world applications using active learning methods.
Simulations and immersive virtual environments provide authentic learning at a level that can spark curiosity and deeper understanding by engaging multiple senses in exploration.
Skills sprints are focused, real world learning experiences for teams in which participants learn new skills while directly designing, developing, or delivering something to their organization.
Analyzing short video clips, replays of important aspects, and videos of oneself applying what has been learned can improve Metacognition and Long-term Memory while fostering a Learner Mindset.
Analyzing and discussing solutions to problems helps students develop a deeper understanding of Problem Solving processes and Numeracy skills.
