Problem-based Learning
Overview
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a learner-centered multidisciplinary approach focused on real world applications using active learning methods. Since adult learners need to see the purpose of the learning, PBL is ideal and can support Long-term Memory, Motivation, and Problem Solving skills as adults strive to solve relevant, open-ended problems. Key components of problem-based learning include a focus on complex, real-world problems with no single solution, learners working in groups and being self-directed, and instructors serving as facilitators without having a prescribed plan or daily lesson for the group. Benefits of problem-based learning include developing lifelong learning skills, deeper learning, and a focus on core information. Adult learners can also show improvement in self-control, risk-taking, and initiative, which are all supportive of developing a lifelong Learner Mindset.
Use It In Your Learning Environment
Problem-based learning is fundamentally different from Project-based learning in design, implementation, and expected outcomes. Unlike project-based learning, there is no pre-identified outcome or project for each group to create. Instead, there is a relevant real-life problem that the group investigates and collaborates around to generate a solution. Successful implementation is learner-driven, gives learners autonomy over how they will share their learning, and provokes critical thinking, Problem Solving and multiple perspectives. When planning for English language learners, it is important to maintain the active learning environment and provide strategic scaffolding to help them develop language and content knowledge. Problem-based learning also supports reading comprehension and attitude toward learning for English language learners.
Products can support problem-based learning by adding features such as collaborative, audio, video, discussion, mindmapping, and image-based tools. Virtual and web-based environments that support the search, sharing, and evaluation of information support problem-based learning. Three core elements of problem-based learning that are effectively supported by technology are collaboration, communication, and reflection. Reflection is a key component of successful implementation of problem-based learning and should be embedded throughout the process to support Metacognition and Long-term Memory.
Additional Resources
Additional examples, research, and professional development. These resources are possible representations of this strategy, not endorsements.
Factors Supported by this Strategy
More Active Learning Strategies
Experts can answer questions and provide vocabulary, processes, feedback, and scaffolds to help learners deepen their understanding.
Case studies support authentic, active learning experiences centered around real world situations that present an account of a particular set of circumstances for learners to engage with.
When learners process and express information visually, they are activating more cognitive processes while Problem Solving.
When preparing for and executing a debate, learners analyze, form, and express verbal arguments, fostering their critical thinking skills, an essential component of Problem Solving.
Debriefing is the intentional discussion immediately following a learning experience which is especially important after simulation-based learning.
Analyzing errors is especially beneficial in helping learners develop a Learner Mindset and critical thinking skills, which are a component of Problem Solving.
Networking and supporting adult learners in expanding their social networks provide access to additional resources and Social Supports, which can impact their trajectory and Motivation.
Experiential learning is learning by doing, which may include self-directed learning activities.
Giving learners the opportunity to explain their thinking process aloud helps them to solidify their comprehension, and move knowledge into their Long-term Memory.
Game-based learning is an active learning experience with clear objectives and measurable outcomes designed to be intrinsically game-like.
Inquiry-based learning is centered around open-ended questions posed by instructors and/or the learners themselves and fosters a Learner Mindset.
For adults, the Composition process can become more robust when learners can express ideas through multiple media, which includes visual, audio, and digital production.
Effective note-taking during lectures or reading directs learners' Attention to the relevant information, helping them identify key concepts, understand links between ideas and retain information better in their Long-term Memory.
The opportunity to observe peers or experts in action or participate in shadowing can provide a unique and authentic learning experience that often involves questioning, metacognitive thinking, and Problem Solving while providing Social Supports.
When learners provide constructive feedback on each other's work, they reflect on their own understanding, learn to give relevant suggestions, receive specific ways to improve, and engage in Metacognition.
Simulations and immersive virtual environments provide authentic learning at a level that can spark curiosity and deeper understanding by engaging multiple senses in exploration.
Skills sprints are focused, real world learning experiences for teams in which participants learn new skills while directly designing, developing, or delivering something to their organization.
Analyzing short video clips, replays of important aspects, and videos of oneself applying what has been learned can improve Metacognition and Long-term Memory while fostering a Learner Mindset.
Analyzing and discussing solutions to problems helps students develop a deeper understanding of Problem Solving processes and Numeracy skills.
