Multiple Representations: Manipulatives
Overview
Providing physical and virtual representations of numbers and math concepts helps activate mental processes. Learners understand more deeply through hands-on experimentation and exploration with manipulatives. Research has found that manipulatives are effective when students are in the concrete operational stage -- where seeing an actual object supports their ability to think about it. As students become able to think about an object without it being there (formal operational stage, which usually begins at 11 years or older), manipulatives start to become less effective but can still offer some cognitive support.
Example: Use This Strategy In in the Classroom
Design It into Your Product
Factors Supported by this Strategy
More Multisensory Supports Strategies
Communication boards are displays of graphics (e.g., pictures, symbols, illustrations) and/or words where learners can gesture or point to the displays to extend their expressive language potential.
Adding motions to complement learning activates more cognitive processes for recall and understanding.
Short breaks that include mindfulness quiet the brain to allow for improved thinking and emotional regulation.
Brain breaks that include movement allow learners to refresh their thinking and focus on learning new information.
Connecting information to music and dance can support Short-term and Long-term Memory by engaging auditory processes, Emotions, and physical activity.
Incorporating multiple senses with strategies like chewing gum, using a fidget, and sitting on a ball chair supports focus and Attention.
Using earplugs or headphones can increase focus and comfort.
Transforming written text into audio activates different parts of the brain to support learning.
Visual supports, like text magnification, colored overlays, and guided reading strip, help students focus and properly track as they read.
